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10 One is reminded of François Dallegret’s canonical Anatomy of a Dwelling, which illustrated Banham’s “baroque ensemble of domestic gadgets.” 11 But BIM’s lurid ducts depart from the High Tech milieu of tubular exuberance.
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At first, building information guts appear no differently to the 1960s/1970s proclivity for seeing pipes before architecture, or pipes-as-architecture. Reyner Banham once described the High Tech impulse as “the most recent way of bringing advanced engineering within the discipline of architecture.” 9 BIM visuality exemplifies this union. This dichotomy points to a BIM model’s graphically split personality-an AEC Jekyll and Hyde. 8 If the first conveys self-evidence and cost reliability, the second conveys coordination expertise. Google “Building Information Model,” and you will find two distinct visual conditions: either ultrageneric solid building mass, economically cast in some default grey Shaded View on a WYSIWIG interface 7 or fluorescent pink, yellow, and acid green MEP and other engineering elements, densely compacted into a barely-there building envelope. What does “7D” allow us to see (and do)? What human-machine relations and coordinated worlds are brokered by software? 6Įxample of a BIM model from Google image search. Its graphics are not relevant for their symbolic qualities, but for their sociotechnical dispositions. 5 Unlike a rendering, the technical image is not a suggestive picture, but a proxy. Visualization is therefore bound up with the apparatus of vision itself-how one sees makes possible what one sees, which makes possible what one plans to do. Modeling software is a “‘universal exchanger’ that allows work to be planned, dispatched, realized, and responsibility to be attributed.” 4 Such an optical instrument manages material facts, secures expertise, and orders realities. Rather, “visualization” compounds information (visual and nonvisual) in an “optically consistent space” for the calculated coordination of an entire industry. This warrants a materialist understanding of “architectural visualization”-one that is not reduced to an affective or rhetorical function, as is the case with renderings and other architectural eye-candy. 3 While 7D applications are still far from achieving the ubiquity that 3D BIM software currently enjoys, architecture’s “information turn” spells a new paradigm for cataloging the built environment as a single database of linked object data, from the scale of a wall or door element to (ostensibly) a building’s entire operational life. 2 Beyond 3D modeling, it has acquired a worldview of no less than seven dimensions: a 4D model simulates construction time 5D estimates building cost 6D analyzes energy and sustainability outcomes and 7D manages facilities using a model of the building as-built. Today, BIM is regarded to be on the same digitally “disruptive” plane as big data, robotics, and Virtual/Augmented Realities (VR and AR). Bigness meets “BIMness.” 1īIM “7D” graph, from Cameron Richard, “7D 6D 5D 4D 3D bIM Dimensions bIM Services ESTIMATING,” found on Slideplayer.
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New modes of representation have emerged to support ever tighter synchronizations of building information, across ever larger surface areas of spatial management. BIM takes on an increasingly credible vision in search of greater construction efficiencies, error reductions, labor savings, and other frontiers of optimization. In the last two decades, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as a de facto industrial-strength medium of the global Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Digital information has never been more closely coupled with the material logics and deployable flows of construction and operations across a building’s life. But something has fundamentally changed in the ambitions of architectural visualization, and with it, relationships between representation and reality. Modeling software, like any other tool in history, helps architects depict, design, and produce drawings for construction. On the surface, the way we document buildings may still look the same.